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  • From LIFE Photo Archive: Soldiers in Action Through the Decades

    David Botti | Nov 21, 2008 01:41 PM

    Recently Google announced it had digitized and uploaded images from the LIFE magazine photo archive, many of which have never been published before.  At present Google says only 20 percent of LIFE's archive is online, but the end goal is to have 10 million images available. To do your own searches visit here.

     

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  • 11/11/1918, 10:59 A.M.: Henry Gunther is the Last Soldier Killed in WWI

    David Botti | Oct 30, 2008 08:19 AM

    The BBC's Timewatch program provides a fascinating history lesson on the last moments of WWI, where new research has pinpointed who the last soldiers to die in combat were -- even though the armistice had already been signed by the higher-ups.  The document was signed around 5 a.m. on the morning of November 11, 1918, but didn't go into effect until 11 a.m..  In fact, the BBC tells us that on the graves of French soldiers killed after the war's end, earlier dates were inscribed out of embarrassment for their avoidable deaths.  And then there's these facts about the last day's casualties:

    The respected American author Joseph E Persico has calculated a shocking figure that the final day of WWI would produce nearly 11,000 casualties, more than those killed, wounded or missing on D-Day, when Allied forces landed en masse on the shores of occupied France almost 27 years later.

    On that last day one American general's decision to capture a town so that his dirty soldiers could wash up resulted in around 300 casualties.  The last British soldier to die was 40-year-old Private George Edwin Ellison, who survived almost the entire four years of that bloodiest of wars (almost a million British soldiers had been killed).  Among his experiences, historians note that Ellison survived the first gas attack and witnessed the first use of tanks at the front.  It is believed he may have even been a veteran of the earlier Boer War.  He was shot almost an hour before the 11:00 a.m. cease fire took affect.

    Fifteen minutes before the cease fire a French soldier was killed delivering a message that soup would be served once the armistice began.  And then there is the story of the two remaining soldiers whose lives would end in the war's final moments:

    Just minutes before 11am, to the north around Mons, the 25-year-old Canadian Private George Lawrence Price was on the trail of retreating German soldiers.

    It was street fighting. Pte Price had just entered a cottage as the Germans left through the back. On emerging into the street he was struck by the bullet which killed him.

    But Pte Price's death at 10.58 was not the last. Further south in the Argonne region of France, US soldier Henry Gunther was involved in a final charge against astonished German troops who knew the Armistice was about to occur. What could they do? He too was shot.

    The Baltimore Private - ironically of German descent - was dead. It was 10.59 and Henry Gunther is now recognised as the last soldier to be killed in action in WWI.


    Here's a short video by the BBC taking us through PVT Ellison's war records.

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  • 19-Year-Old Woman Earns Silver Star

    David Botti | Mar 10, 2008 12:17 PM
    In the realm of military awards, history was recently made when the military announced a 19-year-old soldier would become only the second woman since WWII to receive the Silver Star . Monica Lin Brown , an Army medic who served in Afghanistan, will be... More
  • America's WWI Ties Down to One Vet

    David Botti | Feb 7, 2008 10:54 AM

    The timing of deaths among WWI's final survivors continues to be remarkable as today the Associated Press reports only one WWI veteran is now alive in the United States.  This comes after the death of Harry Richard Landis, 108, who passed away Monday in a Florida nursing home.  Over the past few weeks this blog has covered the deaths of French and German WWI veterans, as well as the last American commander who fought with volunteers in the Spanish Civil War.  Our ties to that era are disappearing at an alarming rate.  Frank Buckles, 107, is now the final remaining American vet of the WWI era.

    As the AP reports, Landis never served overseas but enlisted during wartime in 1918, training as a recruit for 60 days before the armistice came.  Here he recalls his unit's final march as the war ended:

    “We went down through the girls college, marching down the street. We got down to the courthouse square and there was a wall around this courthouse. We got to the wall and [the drill instructor] didn’t know what to do and we were hup, two, three, four, hup, two, three, four,” Landis said, laughing at the memory. “Finally, we jumped up on the wall and kept going until we got to the courthouse — hup, two, three, four — and he said dismissed.”
    Landis tried to sign-up for service in WWII at the age of 42, but was denied for being too old to fight.

    Of the roughly 4.7-million Americans who served during WWI, the Veterans Administration told the St. Petersburg Times that spotty record keeping makes it difficult to keep track of how many of these vets are still out there.

    The VA tried to reach out and find other survivors last year, said Jim Benson, VA spokesman. There were a few leads, but nothing panned out.

    "I think it's amazing for us to realize that you have this population of individuals who served during the first great war, and at that time, it was the war to end all wars," Benson said. "Soon, we will no longer have a living contact. It will all be from the histories left behind."


     

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  • The Deaths of Two More Lone Survivors

    David Botti | Jan 28, 2008 10:45 AM

    Last week Soldier's Home took a look at the passing of Louis de Cazenave, one of France's two remaining WWI veterans.  Since then we've heard news of two more veterans dying as the final representatives from a fading era.

    Erich Kaestner, said to be Germany's last surviving WWI veteran, is making headlines not so much for his death but for the amount of time it took to realize his significance. He died on January 1 at the age of 107, but it was not until recently that word got out he was Germany's last living link to the Great War.  As the BBC reports:

    Reports in Die Welt daily and Der Spiegel magazine identified Kaestner as Germany's last World War I veteran, but verification of the claim was difficult as the country keeps no record of its war veterans.

    In a country where the shame of the Nazi genocide and memories of two world war defeats still cast long shadows, both publications focused more on the German national psyche than the death itself.

    "The German public was within a hair's breadth of never learning of the end of an era," wrote Der Spiegel, until someone updated his death notice on the internet encyclopaedia site, Wikipedia.

    In its obituary for Kaestner, Die Welt noted: "The losers hide themselves in a state of self-pity and self denial that they happily try to mitigate by forgetting." 

    CBC News has Der Spiegel magazine's interview with an official from Germany's Military Research Institute.  He offers us a better understanding how Germany views its veterans:

    "Any form of commemoration of military events is seen as problematic here," Chiari told Spiegel Online.

    "Our veterans only take part in public ceremonies when they are invited abroad to join commemorative events with veterans from other countries. World War I is seen as part of a historical line that led to World War II. You can't equate the two but there is much debate about it."


    Before word of Kaestner's death, and as world headlines focused on the passing of France's de Cazenave, over here in the U.S., the veteran of a war obscure to many Americans died on January 14th.  Milton Wolff, 92, was the last surviving commander of American volunteers fighting in the Spanish Civil War, a conflict which pitted Franco's fascist forces against a fragmented leftist army headed by Spain's government.  Among those serving on the government's side were thousands of international volunteers.  According to news reports Wolff left a factory job in New York City and traveled to Spain inspired by his membership in the Young Communist League.  Adventure is what he got.  From the LA Times:
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  • UK Ad Aims to Galvanize PTSD Awareness

    David Botti | Jan 25, 2008 11:01 AM
    When movie-goers in the United Kingdom sit down to watch the Iraq war movie "In the Valley of Elah," they'll first be greeted by a new advertisement by the organization Combat Stress: Ex-Services Mental Welfare Society. As the Guardian reports, Combat Stress was founded in 1919 to help WWI veterans recover mentally from shell-shock. Today, after growing concern over the lack of treatment available to today's veterans, Combat Stress is ramping up a public relations campaign to highlight the issue:
    Combat Stress is alarmed at the huge increase in veterans from the Falklands, Sierra Leone, Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan, who come knocking on their door for help. A few are still turning up suffering long-term effects from the second world war and Korea. The oldest applicant for help recently was aged 100.

    What's their reasoning for this alarm?  Eight years ago 300 veterans sought help from Combat Stress; during the last fiscal year the number jumped to 1,000. The number of Falklands War vets who've committed suicide has risen to 300—more than the 256 British soldiers who were killed in the war itself. Of particular note is how many view the Iraq war's unpopularity in the UK as exacerbating vets' mental health issues. From the Guardian:
    The problems of veterans today are compounded by the widespread recognition through much of the army that the Iraq campaign is unpopular, nasty, unpredictable and brutal—and, in the views of a significant minority of soldiers and officers in private conversation, a pretty unnecessary conflict at that. In the first and second world wars, the plight of service personnel was shared by almost everyone in the land. More than 1 million soldiers served in Northern Ireland over 30 or so years, so that became part of the national experience.

    But combat in Iraq and Afghanistan is not a national experience, and the services are worried that they appear in the minds of many now to be detached from most of British national life. Though more American soldiers have been involved—more than 3,000 killed and nearly 50,000 injured, physically or mentally—Iraq is not a shared experience nationally for Americans in the way that Vietnam was.

    Combat Stress' advertisement doesn't hold back any punches, as it tries to impart what's going on behind the closed doors of veterans' homes:
    A well-trained fighting machine reduced to nothing more than an empty shell.  Combat stress is their calvary, the infantry to fight off their demons.  They were protecting you, now they need your help.

    You can view the advertisement here:

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  • And Then There Was One

    David Botti | Jan 21, 2008 01:54 PM
    Last week we took a look at a great website following the letters written by a WWI soldier. Now comes news that one of France's two remaining WWI veterans, Louis de Casenave, has died in his sleep at the age of 110. Here are some numbers to consider (via... More
  • A WWI Soldier's Letters Posted in Real-Time

    David Botti | Jan 16, 2008 12:29 PM
    Over at the English blog "WW1: Experiences of an English Soldier" there's a fascinating history lesson going on in real-time.  Bill Lamin, the grandson of WWI English soldier Harry Lamin, has been posting the wartime letters of his grandfather exactly ninety years to the day from when they were first sent.  On this blog the first days of 2008 are actually the first days of 1918.  The latest post (from Monday) is fascinating in its mundane nature--Harry is thanking the letter's recipient for sending a package:

    I have received your letter. I have also received two parcels of woollen goods from Mrs. Higgins but you cant carry a lot of stuff about we have enough to carry about...Your biscuits was grand and I enjoyed them. I have also had a nice parcel from Kate she said she enjoyed the Christmas alright at home...It is still very cold out here at night and we have had some snow. it is different to being out in France, very quiet.


    Bill Lamin told CBC news his grandfather was an "unexceptional, quiet, let's get on with it sort of person."  That's what makes this blog so great--it's just the stories of an average grunt writing home to his family.  At a time when the last WWI veterans are dying the blog presents us with a first person glimpse into a war that soon no living person will have experienced.  As the BBC put it:

    A young English soldier wrote [his thoughts] down on scraps of paper, gun fire ringing out all around.  He could not have known that nearly a century later thousands of computer users would be hanging on his every word.


    The blog is the story of Harry Lamin's wartime experiences, and his grandson refuses to give away the ending; no one knows whether Harry made it out of the war alive.  Bill told the BBC:

    We're in the position of his family.  We're waiting for the next letter or maybe a telegram from the war office saying he's been killed.  That's really the whole point of the blog.  We're as close as we can be to his family waiting for more news.


    Here's a selected post describing Harry's experience in battle:

    Three days after, we were called up the line again of course I went this time. We had to go to the front line were it was on the Menin Road no doubt you have heard about it. We were there for three days it was awful the shelling day and night. We relieved the KOYLI about 10 o’clock and what do you think Fritz came over about 5 o’clock next morning we had an exciting time for about one hour and a half I can tell you. but we beat him off he never got in our trenches he was about two hundred strong it was a picked storming party so the prisoners say that captured, they brought liquid fire with them and bombs and all sorts but not many got back we had twenty casuals and the captain got killed a jolly good fellow too. I was pleased to get out of it but did not feel nervous when I saw them coming over. No 1 in our section was on the gun and we used our rifles. Our Coy as to go before the general for the good work we have done. We have just been given a long trousers again as we have had had Short ones all summer.


    Thinking about the deaths of remaining WWI veterans today one can't help but think of a time when Iraq/Afghanistan vets will be in the same situation.  Despite the enormous amounts of press coverage and documentation, in the future perhaps only one man or woman will be alive to remember what it was actually like patrolling the streets of Baghdad.
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  • A Word on This Blog's Title

    David Botti | Oct 12, 2007 10:40 PM
    I’ve named this blog after a story Ernest Hemingway published in his 1925 short story collection, “In Our Time,” about the experiences of Harold Krebs, a young Marine returning to Kansas after fighting in World War One.  

    Krebs sleeps late every day, and passes time in his parents’ house, sometimes strolling through town or watching from his porch as the neighborhood girls walk by.  He lies about his military experiences because people in town are sick of hearing about the war.  He’s terse with his mother who prods him with questions about his future.  He lacks ambition, drive, and an overall desire to interact with the rest of society.  He reads history books about the battles he’s just fought.  He compares life on the home front with the military life he’s just left.

    The specifics of Krebs’ post-war experience are not necessarily the same for those veterans of  Iraq and Afghanistan, but Hemingway’s overarching portrayal of a brand new veteran’s feelings of displacement back in his hometown is a common theme I’ve heard among fellow veterans of my own generation.

    As an infantryman in the Marine Corps Reserve, I left Iraq in late-July 2003, among the first waves of Iraq veterans to return home.  I moved to New York City where the city’s daily life seemed to proceed unfazed by the four-month-old war.  Others in my unit returned to their homes throughout New York State and beyond.  Some deployed again to Iraq, others refused to even consider doing so.

    I first read “Soldier’s Home” around 1999 for a college English class and didn’t think much of it.  When I read it again after returning from Iraq, I felt relief that I wasn’t alone in feeling numb, depressed, and ambivalent about my future as a civilian.  Hemingway, himself a war veteran, showed that at its core a soldier’s experience of coming home is similar throughout all generations.  

    Each war, however, brings its own sets of circumstances.  Current issues such as veterans care, troop rotations, PTSD, and family hardship are among those which not only affect those involved, but the mood of the overall country as well.  And then there are the private stories of the lone veteran who is one day in Iraq, and the next day back home away from his or her comrades – the only people with the shared experience of deployment.  

    New veterans are still being made every day the moment they board a homeward bound plane from Iraq, Kuwait, or Afghanistan.  They will play an important part in American society for decades to come.  

    The purpose of this blog is to give the public a better glimpse of what life is like for that neighbor, or friend of a friend, or soldier interviewed on TV.  If this blog can get readers talking, and even just a little more aware of the veterans around them, then it is most certainly doing its job.
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